Baja California Seawater Desalination

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Tin concentrate: 56% grade; Wolframite concentrate: 65% grade; Scheelite concentrate: 50% grade; Tungsten-tin mixed concentrate: average grade Sn 5.33%, average grade WO3 8.51 %; Copper concentrate: 20 % grade;

This Kyrgyzstan mining project benefits from its close proximity to Kashgar Port, providing it with exceptional geographic advantages for export operations, enabling easy access to international markets. Domestic railways complement port logistics, ensuring the continuous transportation of bulk materials and finished products to destinations worldwide. This seamless integration of transportation networks enhances the project's efficiency and reliability in meeting global demand for tungsten and tin. Connected by a highway, this project is conveniently located at about a 145 km driving distance from Karakol, the fourth largest city in Kyrgyzstan. Karakol city is the administrative city of Issyk Kul Province, which is about 435 km from Bishkek, the capital city of Kyrgyzstan, and 385 km from the Baleikeqi railway station, with a distance of 1,625 km to the Ala Mountain pass port of Xinjiang, the PRC. This strategic location provides easy access to major transportation hubs, facilitating logistical operations and market access. Positioned as a strategic gateway, the project is well-positioned to capitalize on the growing demand for tungsten and tin in global markets. Its location within this vital trade hub strengthens its role in meeting international needs, solidifying its position as a key player in the global tungsten-tin market.

The asset-driven development strategy is a comprehensive approach focused on maximizing economic returns by strategically deploying and optimizing various assets within the mining project including: Mines: 2 Tungsten-Tin (W-Sn) understand mines and 1 Tungsten (W) underground mine Mining Sites: underground mining sites, mining industrial sites, explosives depots and ore and waste rock transport systems. Mineral Processing Plant: crushing workshop, screening workshop, powder ore silo, and main plant of mineral processing. Tailings: tailings thickening, tailings conveyance systems, and tailings storage facilities. Production Auxiliary Facilities: comprehensive maintenance workshop, electric repair workshop, spare parts storehouse, test laboratory, boiler room and so on. Living Auxiliary Facilities: comprehensive office building, mining rostering room, mining bathroom, comprehensive canteen, ore-dressing workshop rostering room, and ore-dressing plant bathroom. Water Source Assets: water intake wells, new water delivery systems, and high level tanks. Electrical Assets: includes power supply and distribution of electrical equipment, control and lighting of buildings, lightning protection and grounding, and electrical outdoor works in the underground mining area, the ore processing area and the production and living support facilities area.

1) Crushing process adopts the "two-stage and one closed-circuit" crushing process 2) Grinding and separation process (a) Grinding process: a section of ball mill + linear screen, two sections of the second section of grinding + high frequency screen two sections of two closed-circuit classification. (b) Selection process : b1. desulphurisation flotation b2. copper-sulphur separation b3. tungsten-tin mixed flotation b4. mixed concentrates magnetic separation b5. Shaking table re-election b6. wolframite flotation (c) Dewatering process: adopt three-stage dewatering process of concentration, filter press and drying.

Despite fluctuations in macroeconomic conditions, the tungsten and tin markets have demonstrated impressive resilience, marked by consistent demand growth and moderate price increases. Tungsten prices have seen a notable rise of 50% compared to five years ago, while tin prices have surged by 100% over the same period. This upward trend in prices reflects the robust recovery in demand and the careful management of production, creating a favorable market environment for investors. This mining project stands out amidst these market dynamics as a symbol of stability and opportunity. Positioned to capitalize on the increasing demand for tungsten and tin, the project is primed to benefit from the favorable market conditions. With its strategic infrastructure, robust resource base, and efficient operations, the project is poised to attract investor confidence and ensure sustainable profitability over the long term. When making financial projections for the processing plants, the project chose conservative market prices as a cautious approach. However, it's important to note that the ongoing upward trajectory of market prices for these commodities suggests the potential for actual revenue outcomes surpassing its initial conservative projections.

This Kyrgyzstan mining project emerges as a promising opportunity in tungsten-tin mining, boasting substantial reserves and concentrated deposits of these highly sought-after metals in the global market. Evaluated by esteemed institutions including the internationally renowned mineral resources assessment agency SRK according to the JORC standard, and supported by assessments from the Hunan Nonferrous Metals Research Institute and Kyrgyzstan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, the project's suitability for extraction is firmly established. With reserves conservatively estimated at an ore volume of 15,730,000 tons (proven reserve), the mine demonstrates its ultra-large-scale resource reserves. Ores generally have an estimated average tungsten-tin grade of 1.1%, significantly surpassing the industry standard of 0.5%, indicating substantial richness in the deposits and confirming the project's economic viability. Moreover, there is significant potential for further growth by identifying additional resources and upgrading reserves. The Independent Technical Report suggests considerable potential to extend and upgrade current resources within the mines, as they are not completely closed off along the strike and at depth, indicating the possibility of increased ore reserve volume and expanded processing capacity. Additionally, there are numerous undiscovered or undeveloped tungsten or tin resources in the surrounding areas of these mines, offering the opportunity to further expand mineral resources and reserves through continuous exploration activities in this region.

This Kyrgyzstan mining project is an attractive investment opportunity due to its efficient use of existing infrastructure inherited from the former Soviet Union. It includes comprehensive facilities for mining and processing, such as engineering structures and mineral processing plants. Notably, the project has completed extensive exploration and drilling, with 248.3 kilometers of pit exploration, 544,687 meters of drilling, and 262,161 cubic meters of trenching. Additionally, it has conducted 231,638 sample analyses. Moreover, the project features infrastructure like a processing plant with an annual capacity of 1 million tons of ore, as well as the completion of the tailings reservoir dam project. This infrastructure includes employee dormitories, hospitals, asphalt roads covering 165 kilometers, mine roads spanning 220 kilometers, and 280 kilometers of 110 kV power supply lines. With such robust infrastructure in place, the project ensures smooth operations and enhances safety for workers. Positioned strategically and well-prepared to leverage opportunities in the tungsten-tin market, this project promises investors steady returns and long-term profitability. At the core of this project also lies its integrated production process, which seamlessly encompasses every stage from mining to the production of refined tungsten-tin metal concentrate, ultimately resulting in direct final consumer products. This unified approach not only streamlines operations but also enhances profitability and investment appeal by bridging traditionally separate upstream and downstream industries.

This seawater multi-processing project represents a paradigm shift in seawater resource utilization, bridging the gap between upstream and downstream industries with unprecedented efficiency and foresight. By interconnecting multiple production processes through innovation in configuration designs, the project unlocks new opportunities for value creation, producing not only 10 highly valuable products but also positioning for future expansion to offer up to 21 products in total. This strategic approach maximizes economic benefits while minimizing environmental impact from the seawater resource utilization practice, demonstrating its commitment to pioneering innovative solutions that propel both industry advancement and sustainable progress. Products from Phase I of this project include: Potable Water Surplus Electricity Liquid Chlorine (Cl2) Caustic Soda (NaOH) Hydrogen (H2) Magnesium Hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) Bromine (Br2) Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Potassium Chloride (KCl) Gypsum (CaSo4)

This project introduces a pioneering solution aimed at not just addressing, but entirely eradicating the challenge of brine discharge pollution in traditional seawater desalination practices, achieving Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) in the process. This reflects the core values of this project, emphasizing its unwavering commitment to environmental stewardship and sustainable progress. Through this innovative approach, this project aims not only to enhance the efficiency of desalination processes but also to prioritize the preservation of our environment for the benefit of present and future generations.

Strategically situated in Baja California adjacent to an LNG Terminal, this project leverages its prime coastal location and established industrial infrastructure to optimize operational efficiency and global competitiveness. With expansive coastal access and proximity to key transportation hubs, this project ensures seamless logistics and streamlined operations. Moreover, by harnessing Mexico's cost-efficient labor force and favorable tax deductions, the project fosters strong local industrial development, driving economic growth and prosperity in the region while maintaining its competitive edge in the global market. Close proximity to the US-Mexico border further enhances export capabilitie, enabling seamless access to both domestic and international markets, facilitating cost-effective distribution channels and enhancing market penetration.

With a focus on sustainability and resource efficiency, this project pioneers solutions in energy recovery, interconnection, and brine treatment, setting new standards for seawater resource utilization. Energy Optimization This project achieves energy optimization through innovative technological solutions, acknowledging the inherent energy intensity of seawater multiprocessing. Implementation of a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system enables the sustainable meeting of both electricity and thermal energy demands, promoting a balanced approach to energy consumption. Furthermore, the integration of effective energy recovery devices captures and reuses lost energy, resulting in a significant enhancement of production efficiency. Interconnection & Parameter Design In the domain of interconnection and parameter design, Pleroma adopts a meticulous approach to maximize performance efficiency. Established technologies and proven components ensure reliable operation, while innovative interconnection and parameter design techniques push the boundaries of efficiency. Each parameter is carefully fine-tuned to optimize individual processes, fostering a well-coordinated and highly efficient workflow. Additionally, intelligent automation systems enable real-time monitoring and parameter adjustments, ensuring adaptability to changing production conditions. Brine Treatment & Concentration This project's commitment to resource efficiency and product quality is exemplified in its innovative brine treatment and concentration methods. Recognizing the significance of concentrated brine as crucial raw materials, the project pioneers solutions to achieve specific concentration levels with minimal energy consumption. Dedicated brine concentration devices play a pivotal role in reducing energy consumption while optimizing brine conditions for enhanced mining efficiency. Moreover, preemptive brine separation processes further elevate efficiency by effectively separating larger magnesium particles and smaller sodium, potassium, and chloride ions.

Strategically located near an LNG terminal, the project benefits from convenient access to natural gas for power generation. This proximity ensures a reliable and cost-effective energy source, essential for sustaining the desalination operations at optimal efficiency. Furthermore, leveraging established infrastructure networks in Mexico facilitates seamless project operations, including transportation logistics and maintenance support. By capitalizing on existing infrastructure, the project minimizes implementation hurdles and maximizes operational reliability, fostering a conducive environment for sustainable water production and industrial growth in the region.

Leveraging cutting-edge technology and innovative process design, the project achieves unprecedented efficiency in seawater desalination. Multi-Stage Pre-treatment: Involves a series of processes to remove impurities like particles, organic compounds, and minerals from seawater before it undergoes further treatment, ensuring optimal performance of the desalination system. Two-Stage Seawater Reverse Osmosis (RO): Utilizes a dual-stage process where seawater is pressurized and forced through semi-permeable membranes (Nano Filtration + Reverse Osmosis) to remove dissolved salts and contaminants, resulting in the production of potable water and concentrated brine. Energy Recovery Devices (ERD): Components that harness energy from the pressure reduction in the RO process to pressurize another fluid stream or produce electricity, significantly reducing energy consumption and improving overall efficiency. BiTurbo Turbochargers: Advanced turbochargers used to enhance the efficiency of the desalination process by providing additional pressure to drive seawater through the membranes, thereby increasing water recovery rates. Brine Concentrator: A system that concentrates the remaining brine from the desalination process, allowing for further treatment or utilization of valuable by-products, such as sodium chloride and magnesium salts, while minimizing waste discharge.

Seawater desalination offers a sustainable solution to water scarcity, alleviating pressure on freshwater sources and preserving fragile ecosystems. By harnessing abundant seawater resources, the project reduces reliance on rainfall-dependent sources, enhancing resilience to climate variability and ensuring water security for communities and industries. Additionally, the high water recovery rates and advanced technologies employed minimize ecological footprint, promoting resource efficiency and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, this project pioneers environmental stewardship by incorporating innovative processes to minimize brine discharge pollution. Collaborating with downstream industrial partners, the project facilitates brine mining, extracting valuable by-products such as sodium chloride, bromine, and magnesium salt. This approach not only mitigates environmental impact but also generates additional revenue, reinforcing its commitment to sustainable development.

With its impressive seawater intake capacity of 432,000 m3/d and a remarkable water recovery rate of 65%, significantly above the industry standard, the project addresses water scarcity challenges in Mexico. By maximizing production efficiency and minimizing waste through advanced reverse osmosis technologies, it ensures a sustainable supply of potable water to meet the region's growing demand, thereby alleviating water scarcity concerns.